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Math 215: Somewhat Straightforward

Challenge: Volume of Material

Keep Track of the Material: Summary for Each Chapter

Formulas Required

Collect The Data

Analyze the Data

Draw Inference about the Data

Population: US Citizens

Tylenol

Effective Treatment

Goal: The Sample should be a good representation of the Population

Sample as oppose to population

1) Cost

2) Time and Logistics

57% was based on the entire Population of ALL the Teachers

Parameter = 57%

Result

Sample of 100 Patients

Result 78% Statistic because it's based on the Sample

Statistic should be close to the Parameter

Statistic is not a good representation of the Parameter

Introduced Bias

How do we select a Sample

Coin Toss

Everyone has an equal chance of being selected

Size of Population (N = 10)

Subset Sample (n = 5)(

Generate Random Numbers

Selection Proces

=RANDBETWEEN

=RAND

Top 5 Students would selected as my sample

Large Database: All the Residents of Ohio (n 5 Million)

Select a Subset of 10,000 Residents

Select your Sample

Each Resident in Ohio would have an equal chance of being selected

Avoid any Bias in the Selection Process

Simple Random Sample Process

no

That makes sense!

how can we select random persons? with same command?

Seed

Seed = 20

Will always be the same

Replicate your Study

Same Seed

Different participants

ok, Thank you !

Same Seed

Factory

Cars that are Defective

Assembly Line

Subset of Cars to Verify if those cars are defective

intervals of 10

Sample from the entire population

question

Easy to Get

Friends for the Study

Family Members

Spread of a Virus

Infected Participants

Introducing Bias

Each Group should be represented in the Sample

% in the Entire Population: Mimic in the Selection Process

All the Residents in those Zipcodes

Not all the Zipcodes are represented

Once a group is selected then everyone in those groups would be used for the analysis

Cluster Sampling

Each member of those families selected were used in the Study

Selecting the Sample for the Study

Experiment to Test a New Drug

Total of 200 People

Randomly assigned to take Tylenol or Placebo

Tylenol is effective

1) Treatment Groups: Tylenol vs Placebo

Pain Relief

2) Outcome of the Study

3) Study Participants (n = 200)

Subjects of the Study

To assess the effectiveness of a new method for teaching arithmetic to elementary school children, a simple random sample of 30 first graders were taught with the new method, and another simple random sample of 30 first graders were taught with the currently used method. At the end of eight weeks, the children were given a test to assess their knowledge. What are the treatments in this study? Explain why this a randomized experiment.

Randomized or Experimental Study

1) Treatment Groups

2) Participants of the Study

3) Outcome of the Study

Researcher has little or no control of the process

Play pattern of Kids in a Kindergarden

Patterns of Animals

Collecting your Data

Forward in TIme

5 Years

Decide what Data I want to Collect

Snapshot of the Data

Backwards in the Time

Restricted to only the data that was collected in that period of Time

Heart Disesase

Hospital in the City of Columbus

Strengths and their Weaknesses

Disease = Cases

Without the Disease = Controls

gn everyone I have to go to work

First and Last Names for Attendance

Erik Ludaway

Aimee Sutton

Brian Mason

Nidhi Goyal

6 minutes Break

Breanna Held

Inez Hairston

Janeesha Harcourt

Dataset

Dataset or Dataframe

1st Column: ID Column

Names of Participants; IDs of the Participants

De-identify the participants

Variables in the Study

Gender Age, BMI Levels of Educations: Variables in the Study

Describe the Partiicipants in the Study

Data points

Variables in the Study

ID Column

Types of Variables in our Study:

Age

Discrete: Count

Whole Numbers only

Vehicles in a Parking Lot

Height

Size of Cans: Small Medium or Large

Ordinal

wouldn't small, med, lg be ordinal

Summarize our Data

Collected our Data

Graphs we can use to Summarize our Data

n = 50

Tally the Data

Frequency Distribution

Pie-Chart

Data was Collected

Draw a Graph to Analyze the Data

Make Inference about the Data

no

Nope!

good

no

is there any difference between pie or bar chart?

or its usage?

Circle with the Distribution of the Proportions

Bar Graphs: Columns

20 different Categories

question

Pie Chart

ok, got it!

thank u

In Millions

Side-by-Side Bar Graph

Yahoo was Flat

MSN

Facebook almost doubled

Google had the most views for 2009 and 2010

MSN + Yahoo combined was less than Google

Dot Plot

Min = 0

Largest = 15

Scale or Range

Intervals of 1

Make Inference based on the Dots

Majority had 2 Children

0 - 6 Bulk of the Data is

Outliers

15 Children Worth Noting

Statements are Inferences about our Data or Conclusions

1000 people

Plot that Graphical

Time Series Graph

Indices for the Dow 2000 to 2009

Different Years over Time (Time Series)

Time Series to represent this Data

Steep Decline

Statements about the Data

This was great! Thank you! GN

Thank you so much - have a great week!

Thank you

Thank you

Thank you

sorry my in between

is class done?

Thank you for class!

sla@franklin.edu